This ends the July Monarchy.On July 14, 1789, the Bastille was stormed by a mob and its prisoners freed, which is regarded as the start of the French Revolution. Despite strengthening France’s position in Europe, he is unable to cope with an economic crisis, and he is forced to abdicate on February 24, 1848. Louis-Philippe strikes a balance between extreme monarchists and socialists during his reign, but his monarchy signals the victory of the upper bourgeoisie over the aristocracy.
The division remains in French politics for forty years. This leads French society to split into two camps: the “legitimists,” who favor Henry’s Bourbon line, and the “Orléanists,” who favor Louis-Philippe’s younger line. Instead of heading a regency for Henry, Louis-Philippe takes the monarchy for himself, calling himself the “king of the French.” His regime becomes known as the July Monarchy, which lasts until 1848. Louis-Philippe takes the monarchy for himself. Charles hopes his cousin Louis-Philippe will lead a regency for Henry. Hoping to avoid another revolution, Charles X abdicates the throne in favor of his grandson Henry, who was born seven months after the assassination of his father. The legislature elects Louis-Philippe Lieutenant General of France, giving him a step into power as Charles prepares to abdicate the throne.Ĭharles X abdicates in favor of his grandson. On July 31, Charles flees Paris for Versailles to seek refuge with his family. Louis-Philippe is elected Lieutenant General of France. On July 29, rioters sack the Tuileries Palace, and politicians begin to assemble a provisional government. The king’s men, led by Marshal Marmont, are no longer able or willing to defend the government. In response, the Chamber decides to back Louis-Philippe d’Orléans, the king’s cousin who has longed for power. He refuses to compromise and dismisses all of his ministers. On July 28, as protestors begin to construct barricades in the streets, the prime minister attempts to negotiate with Charles. In response, protestors attack soldiers, and violence breaks out. The revolution of 1830, also known as “Three Glorious Days,” begins on July 27 when police raid and shut down the opposition paper and other revolutionary newspapers. Forty-three other journalists sign the call, and angry crowds begin to assemble in the gardens of the Palais-Royal in the evening. The official government newspaper, Le Moniteur Universel, publishes Charles’ restrictive ordinances on July 26, and a journalist at the opposition paper Le National calls for revolt. These ordinances suppress freedom of the press, dissolve the two-house parliament, restrict the size of the electorate, and fix a date for new elections, thus concentrating power in the crown.Īn opposition newspaper calls for revolt. Once again, Charles invokes Article 14 and issues four ordinances on July 25, 1830. Despite the growing opposition, Charles invokes Article 14 of the 1814 Charter, which allows him exceptional power in emergencies, and suspends the constitution.Ĭharles issues four ordinances limiting freedoms. The general elections held in June do not elect a majority hoped for by the king’s government. In response, Charles suspends the Chamber on March 19. On March 18, a majority of 221 deputies votes in favor of this bill. Some deputies introduce a bill requesting that the Chambers back the King’s ministers. When the Chamber finally reconvenes on March 2, 1830, many deputies react negatively to Charles’ reign. The Chamber reacts negatively to Charles’ reign. He does not call the Chamber to reconvene until March 1830, in order to retain power. Polignac proceeds to alienate the French parliament, or Chamber, especially after he loses his majority in August. In August 1829, Charles dismisses the provisional prime minister and replaces him with an extreme clericalist reactionary and royal favorite, Prince Jules Polignac. Charles dismisses Villèle on January 5, 1828, and appoints a man he dislikes, Jean-Baptise de Martignac, as a provisional prime minister.Ĭharles replaces the prime minister with a reactionary. In January 1828, a strict imposition of a high stamp duty on printed material leads to the fall of the prime minister, Villèle. A banking crisis leads to bankruptcies and rising unemployment, and Charles’ government begins to fear political reaction. Liberals feel threatened by this retreat.Įconomic discontent grows in 1827, as poor harvests and cold winters create grain and bread shortages.
This ends the relative stability seen during Louis’s rule, as Charles attempts to capitalize on the ongoing religious revival and revive divine-right monarchy.
On SeptemLouis XVIII dies, and his younger brother Charles X takes the throne.
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